آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 6 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 122 |
| تعداد مقالات | 1,553 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 1,654,576 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 1,545,723 |
“The Salmon’s Spring Out of the Water”: A Deleuzean Reading of Freedom in Iris Murdoch’s The Unicorn | ||
| Journal of Applied Linguistics and Applied Literature: Dynamics and Advances | ||
| مقاله 13، دوره 10، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 20، دی 2022، صفحه 227-244 اصل مقاله (443.96 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Article | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22049/jalda.2022.27907.1440 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Mohammad Ghaffary* 1؛ Melika Ramzi2 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor of English Language and Literature, Department of English, Faculty of Letters and Foreign Languages, Arak University, Arak, Iran, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4012-0093 | ||
| 2MA Student of English Language and Literature, Arak University, Arak, Iran https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5497-4378 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| The issue of “freedom” has been one of the core concepts in the history of literature and philosophy since classical times. This concept considerably contributes to the ongoing discussions of Iris Murdoch’s The Unicorn (first published in 1963). Unlike most of the previous studies of the novel, whose central focus is on the transcendent, moral, or biographical readings of the text, the present study draws on Gilles Deleuze’s Poststructuralist philosophy to address the immanent aspect of freedom, as the main thematic concept in the novel, as well as such related notions as power, love, desire, and becoming to determine the degrees of freedom achieved by the major characters, Hannah Crean-Smith and Effingham Cooper. The main objective of the study, therefore, is to see whether or not the two main characters can ultimately find proper lines of flight. The findings suggest that although Hannah is encoded and territorialized in the Gaze castle, she ultimately turns into a body without organs (BwO). However, Effingham fails to become an active body in his interaction with Hannah. While Hannah undergoes an absolute positive deterritorialization through her death, Effingham obtains only a relative negative deterritorialization because returning to the “real” life constantly threatens a body’s force and renders an absolute form of freedom impossible. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| freedom؛ Deleuzean criticism؛ The Unicorn؛ body without organs (BwO)؛ deterritorialization؛ ethics | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Andor, J. (2016). Whence the Unicorn? A frame-semantic and corpus linguistic interpretation of the notion of unicornhood in the characterology of Iris Murdoch’s novel: The Unicorn. Corela, 19, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.4000/corela.4496
Brandabur, A. C. (2016). Time’s fool: Essays in context. (B. C. Tharaud, Ed.). Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Byatt, A. S. (1994). Degrees of freedom: The early novels of Iris Murdoch. Vintage.
Colebrook, C. (2002). Gilles Deleuze. Routledge.
Colebrook, C. (2015). Deleuzean criticism. In J. Wolfreys (Ed.), Introducing criticism in the 21st century (2nd ed., pp. 195-214). Edinburgh University Press.
Cosenza, J. A. (1992). Murdoch’s the Unicorn. The Explicator, 50(3), 175-177. https://doi.org/10.1080/00144940.1992.9937948
Deleuze, G. (1983). Nietzsche and philosophy. (H. Tomlinson, Trans.). Continuum.
Deleuze, G. (1991). Coldness and cruelty. In G. Deleuze, & L. Sacher-Masoch (Eds.), Masochism (pp. 9-138). Zone Books.
Deleuze, G. (1994). Difference and repetition (P. Patton, Trans.). Columbia University Press.
Deleuze, G. (1998). Essays critical and clinical (D. W. Smith & M. A. Greco, Trans.). Verso.
Deleuze, G. (2003). Francis Bacon: The logic of sensation (D. W. Smith, Trans.). Continuum.
Deleuze, G., & Guattari, F. (2004). A thousand plateaus: Capitalism and schizophrenia (B. Massumi, Trans.). Continuum.
Deleuze, G., & Guattari, F. (2009). Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and schizophrenia (R. Hurley, M, Seem & H. R. Lane, Trans.). Penguin Books.
Deleuze, G., & Parnet, C. (2007). Dialogues II (H. Tomlinson & B. Habberjam, Trans.) (Rev. ed.). Columbia University Press.
Echevarría, I. (2014). Amor y realismo [Love and realism]. In I. Murdoch (Ed.), El Unicornio [The unicorn] (pp. 7-12). Impedimenta.
Farhani Nejad, S. (2017). Intertextuality and parody in Iris Murdoch’s The Unicorn. International Journal of English Research, 3(2), 87-93.
Farhani Nejad, S. (2018). The crisis of interpretation in the allegorical reading of Iris Murdoch’s The Unicorn. Papers on Language and Literature, 54(4), 381-401.
Gardner, C., & MacCormack, P. (2017). Introduction. In C. Gardner & P. MacCormack (Eds.), Deleuze and the animal (pp. 1-21). Edinburgh University Press.
Ghaffary, M. (2019). The event of love and the being of morals: A Deleuzian reading of Iris Murdoch’s The Bell. Journal of Literary Studies, 35(2), 105-125. https://doi.org/10.1080/02564718.2019.1627109
Ghaffary, M. (2021). The eternal recurrence of Oedipus: A Deleuzean reading of love and ethics in Iris Murdoch’s The Sandcastle. Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction, 62(2), 224-238. https://doi.org/10.1080/00111619.2020.1790490
Ghaffary, M., & Alizadeh, Gh. (2021). The tragedy of love: A study of love and death in Jacques Lacan’s thought, with special reference to Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet. Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 57(3-4), 596-629. https://doi.org/10.1080/00107530.2021.2021827
Ghaffary, M., & Anushiravani, A. (2016). “Entering the school of life”: A Deleuzean reading of Iris Murdoch’s The Flight from the Enchanter. Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, 8(1), 173-185.
Hardt, M. (2007). Michael Hardt. About love. 2007 1/6 [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ioopkoppabI
Jackson, A. Y. (2003). Rhizovocality. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 16(5), 693-710.
Lacan, J. (2006). Écrits: The first complete edition in English. (B. Fink, Trans.). W. W. Norton & Company.
MacCormack, P. (2009). Unnatural alliances. In C. Nigianni & M. Storr (Eds.), Deleuze and queer theory (pp. 134-149). Edinburgh University Press.
Murdoch, I. (2000). The unicorn. Vintage.
Nail, T. (2017). What is an assemblage? SubStance, 46(142), 21-37. https://doi.org/10.3368/ss.46.1.21
Pisters, P. (2003). The matrix of visual culture: Working with Deleuze in film theory. Stanford University Press.
Protevi, J. (2003). Love. In P. Patton & J. Protevi (Eds.), Between Deleuze and Derrida (pp. 183-194). Continuum.
Smith, D. W. (2012). Essays on Deleuze. Edinburgh University Press.
Stagoll, C. (2010). Becoming. In A. Parr (Ed.), The Deleuze dictionary (2nd ed., pp. 25-27). Edinburgh University Press.
Stewart, J. (2002). Metafiction, metadrama, and the God-game in Murdoch’s The Unicorn. Journal of Narrative Theory, 32(1), 77-96. https://doi.org/10.1353/jnt.2011.0000
Stivale, C. J. (2008). Gilles Deleuze’s ABCs: The folds of friendship. The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Suhr, E. G. (1964). An interpretation of the unicorn. Folklore, 75(2), 91-109. https://doi.org/10.1080/0015587x.1964.9716952
Tomazic, E. M. (2005). Ariadne’s thread: Women and labyrinths in the fiction of A. S. Byatt and Iris Murdoch [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Australian Catholic University.
Trench, G. H. (2000). Elements of medieval romance in Iris Murdoch [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Indiana University. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 753 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 652 |
||