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Object Relations Theory in Morrison’s God Help the Child: A Psychoanalytic Reading | ||
| Journal of Applied Linguistics and Applied Literature: Dynamics and Advances | ||
| مقاله 13، دوره 12، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 23، تیر 2024، صفحه 227-244 اصل مقاله (558.81 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Article | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22049/jalda.2024.29346.1651 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Hossein Sabouri1؛ Ali Zare Zadeh* 2؛ Abolfazl Ramazani3؛ Roghayeh Lotfi Matanaq2 | ||
| 1Associate Professor of English Literature, Department of English Language and Literature, Faculty of Persian Literature and Foreign Languages, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran | ||
| 2M. A. in English Language and Literature, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran | ||
| 3Assistant Professor of English Language and Literature, Department of English Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran | ||
| چکیده | ||
| The aim of this paper, in Morrison’s fictional novel, God Help the Child (2015), is to examine the detrimental impact of the hostile and violent mistreatment of a light-skinned mother who restrains from nurturing her Black daughter. Nancy Chodorow’s (1978) Object Relations Theory helps us determine how patterns of gendered-parenting and early-childhood development contribute to the reproduction of traditional sex roles. Her theory includes three basic “affects”, namely attachment, frustration, and rejection, in which the female identity is chiefly based on the inextricable attachment to the mother, and the status of women in culture is defined by the tie between the mother and daughter. These “affects” are universal emotions that are vital for infantile identity formation. Drawing upon her Psychoanalytic theory, the overarching argument of this paper is that the mother is the initial object for the infant to gratify its desires; however, from Freud’s (1926) standpoint, her breast, as the source of nurturance, is the first object. For our purposes, traditional theory of Freudian Oedipus Complex is not the primary concern of this paper and Chodorow’s (1978) contemporary Object Relations Theory is applied, for Psychoanalytic Feminism contributes to examining the ambivalent nature of motherhood. Our findings indicate that Chodorow elucidates the essence of motherhood in terms of the social constructions in lieu of biological ones. Given both Chodorow’s and Freud’s (1926) viewpoints, the inextricable maternal bond between Sweetness and Bride, the mother and daughter of the novel, is traumatically distorted once the mother deprives her infant of the maternal milk. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| object relations؛ attachment؛ frustration؛ rejection؛ God Help the Child | ||
| مراجع | ||
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