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Vertex energy invariance in double graphs and bipartite double covers | ||
| Communications in Combinatorics and Optimization | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 15 آبان 1404 اصل مقاله (404.37 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Original paper | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22049/cco.2025.30721.2592 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Cahit Dede* 1؛ Kalpesh M. Popat2 | ||
| 1Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Selçuk University, Sel¸cuklu, 42003, Konya, Türkiye | ||
| 2Department of Mathematics, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, 360005, Gujarat, India | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Vertex energy is a local spectral invariant that measures the contribution of individual vertices to the overall energy of a graph. Understanding how vertex energy behaves under graph transformations is essential for both theoretical insights and practical applications in spectral graph theory and network analysis. In this paper, we investigate the preservation of vertex energy under two fundamental graph constructions: the double graph and the bipartite double cover. We prove that for any connected graph \( G \), the vertex energies of the duplicated vertices in both \( \mathrm{D}(G) \) and \( \mathrm{DC}(G) \) remain identical to those in \( G \). These results demonstrate the robustness of vertex energy as a spectral measure invariant under these duplication operations. To illustrate the theorems, we provide explicit examples and computational verifications using SAGEMATH, with code publicly available for reproducibility. Our findings contribute to the deeper understanding of spectral properties in graph operations and open avenues for further research in spectral invariants of graph transformations. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| graph energy؛ vertex energy؛ eigenvalues؛ bipartite double cover؛ double graph | ||
| مراجع | ||
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